Where was ahmed zewail born

Ahmed Zewail

Egyptian chemist (–)

Ahmed Zewail

ONOME

Zewail in

Born

Ahmed Hassan Zewail


()February 26,

Damanhur, Egypt

DiedAugust 2, () (aged&#;70)

Pasadena, California, U.S.

Resting place6th of October, Giza, Egypt
NationalityEgyptian
CitizenshipEgypt
United States (naturalized)[3]
Alma&#;mater
Known&#;forFemtochemistry
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisOptical and magnetic resonance spectra of triplet excitons and localized states in molecular crystals&#;()
Doctoral advisorRobin M.

Hochstrasser

Ahmed Hassan Zewail (February 26, – August 2, ) was an Egyptian-American chemist,[4] known as the "father of femtochemistry".[5] He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry and became the first Egyptian and Arab to win a Nobel Prize in a scientific field,[4] and also first African to win a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

He was the Linus Pauling Chair Professor of Chemistry, a professor of physics, and the director of the Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology at the California Institute of Technology.[6]

Early life and education

Ahmed Hassan Zewail was born on February 26, , in Damanhur, Egypt, and was raised in Desouk.[7] He received Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in chemistry from Alexandria University before moving to the United States to complete his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania under the supervision of Robin M.

Hochstrasser.[1][8]

Career

After completing his PhD, Zewail did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, supervised by Charles B. Harris.[1] Following this, he was awarded a faculty appointment at the California Institute of Technology in , and eventually became the first Linus Pauling Chair in Chemical Physics there.[1] He became a naturalized citizen of the United States on March 5, [9] Zewail was the director of the Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology at the California Institute of Technology.[10]

Zewail was nominated and participated in President Barack Obama's Presidential Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), an advisory group of the nation's leading scientists and engineers to advise the President and Vice President and formulate policy in the areas of science, technology, and innovation.[11]

Research

Zewail's key work was a pioneer of femtochemistry[5][12][13]—i.e.

the study of chemical reactions across femtoseconds. Using a rapid ultrafastlaser technique (consisting of ultrashort laser flashes), the technique allows the description of reactions on very short time scales – short enough to analyse transition states in selected chemical reactions.[14]

Zewail became known as the "father of femtochemistry".[15] He also made critical contributions in ultrafast electron diffraction, which uses short electron pulses rather than light pulses to study chemical reaction dynamics.[16]

Political work

In a speech at Cairo University on June 4, , US President Barack Obama proclaimed a new Science Envoy program as part of a "new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world."[17] In January , Ahmed Zewail, Elias Zerhouni, and Bruce Alberts became the first US science envoys to Islam, visiting Muslim-majority countries from North Africa to Southeast Asia.[18]

When asked about rumors that he might contest the Egyptian presidential election, Ahmed Zewail said: "I am a frank man I have no political ambition, as I have stressed repeatedly that I only want to serve Egypt in the field of science and die as a scientist."[19][20]

During the Egyptian protests he announced his return to the country.

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    • Zewail said that he would join a committee for constitutional reform alongside Ayman Nour, Mubarak's rival at the presidential elections and a leading lawyer.[21] Zewail was later mentioned as a respected figure working as an intermediary between the military regime ruling after Mubarak's resignation, and revolutionary youth groups such as the April 6 Youth Movement and young supporters of Mohamed ElBaradei.[22] He played a critical role during this time as described by Egyptian Media.

    Awards and honours

    Zewail's work brought him international attention, receiving awards and honors throughout most of his career for his work in chemistry and physics. In , Zewail became the first Egyptian to receive a science Nobel Prize when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[7] Zewail gave his Nobel Lecture on "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers".[23][24]

    In , he received Egypt's highest state honour, the Grand Collar of the Nile.[1] Other notable awards include the Alexander von Humboldt Senior Scientist Award (), the King Faisal International Prize (),[1] the Wolf Prize in Chemistry (), the Earle K.

    Plyler Prize (), the Herbert P. Broida Prize (), the Peter Debye Award (), the Tolman Award (),[1] the Robert A. Welch Award (),[1] the Linus Pauling Medal (), the Franklin Medal () and the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement ().[25] In October , Zewail received the Albert Einstein World Award of Science for "his pioneering development of the new field of femtoscience and for his seminal contributions to the revolutionary discipline of physical biology, creating new ways for better understanding the functional behavior of biological systems by directly visualizing them in the four dimensions of space and time."[26] Zewail was awarded the Othmer Gold Medal (),[27][28] the Priestley Medal () from the American Chemical Society[29] and the Davy Medal () from the Royal Society.[30]

    In he was named as a Fellow of the American Physical Society.[31] Zewail became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in ,[32] the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in ,[33] and the American Philosophical Society in [34] Zewail was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in [2] He was also elected as a Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences in [35]

    Zewail was made a Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[1] In , the Ahmed Zewail Award for Ultrafast Science and Technology was established by the American Chemical Society and the Newport Corporation in his honor.[36] In the journal Chemical Physics Letters established the Ahmed Zewail Prize in Molecular Sciences.[37] In May , Zewail gave the commencement address at Southwestern University.[38] The Zewail City of Science and Technology, established in and revived in , is named in his honour.[7]

    Honorary degrees

    Zewail was bestowed honorary degrees by the following institutions: University of Oxford, UK (); The American University in Cairo, Egypt (); Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium (); University of Pennsylvania, US (); University of Lausanne, Switzerland (); Swinburne University of Technology, Australia (); Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Egypt (); Alexandria University, Egypt (); University of New Brunswick, Canada (); Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (); University of Liège, Belgium ();[39]Heriot-Watt University, Scotland ();[1]Lund University, Sweden (); Cambridge University ();[40]Complutense University of Madrid, Spain ();[41]University of Jordan, Jordan ();[42]University of Glasgow, Scotland ();[43]Yale University, US ().[44]

    Egyptian national honours

    &#;Egypt

    Foreign honours

    &#;France

    &#;Lebanon

    &#;Sudan

    &#;Tunisia

    &#;United Arab Emirates

    Personal life

    Zewail and his first wife, Mervat, were married in , just before leaving Egypt to attend the University of Philadelphia.

    He had two daughters with Mervat, Maha and Amani. They separated in [45][46]

    Zewail married Dema Faham in [1] Zewail and Faham had two sons, Nabeel and Hani.[47][48]

    Death and funeral

    Zewail died aged 70 on the morning of August 2, He was recovering from cancer, however, the exact cause of his death is unknown.[49][50][51] Zewail returned to Egypt, but only his body was received at Cairo Airport.[45] A military funeral was held for Zewail on August 7, , at the El-Mosheer Tantawy mosque in Cairo, Egypt.[51] Those attending included President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Prime Minister Sherif Ismail, al-Azhar Grand Imam Ahmed el-Tayeb, Defence Minister Sedki Sobhi, former President Adly Mansour, former Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab and heart surgeon Magdi Yacoub.[51] The funeral prayers were led by Ali Gomaa, former Grand Mufti of Egypt.[52][51]

    Publications

    Scientific

    • Advances in Laser Spectroscopy I, ed.

      A. H. Zewail, SPIE, Bellingham,

    • Advances in Laser Chemistry, ed. A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg,
    • Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vols. 1 and 2, ed. A. H. Zewail, Harwood Academic, London,
    • Ultrafast Phenomena VII, eds. C. B. Harris, E. P. Ippen, G. A. Mourou and A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg,
    • The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics, ed.

      A. H. Zewail, Academic Press, Boston,

    • Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, eds. J.-L. Martin, A. Migus, G. A. Mourou, and A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg,
    • Ultrafast Phenomena IX, eds. P. F. Barbara, W. H. Knox, G. A. Mourou, and A. H. Zewail, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg,
    • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Vol.

      I, A. H. Zewail, World Scientific,

    • Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Vol. II, A. H. Zewail, World Scientific,
    • Physical Biology: From Atoms to Medicine, ed. A. H. Zewail, Imperial College Press, London,
    • 4D Electron Microscopy, ed. A. H. Zewail, Imperial College Press, London,
    • International Advisory Board for Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry (–)
    • 4D Visualization of Matter: Recent Collected Works of Ahmed H Zewail, Nobel Laureate, Imperial College Press, London,

    Biographical

    Remembering Ahmed H.

    Zewail

    • Chergui, Majed; Marcus, Rudolph A.; Thomas, John Meurig; Zhong, Dongping (). Majed Chergui; Rudolph A Marcus; John Meurig Thomas; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Personal and Scientific Reminiscences: Tributes to Ahmed Zewail. World Scientific. doi/q ISBN&#;.
    • Douhal, Abderrazzak; Baskin, John Spencer; Zhong, Dongping ().

      Abderrazzak Douhal; John Spencer Baskin; Dongping Zhong (eds.). Reminiscences of Ahmed H. Zewail: Photons, Electrons and What Else? A Portrait from Close Range. Remembrances of his Group Members and Family. World Scientific. doi/ ISBN&#;.

    See also

    References

    1. ^ abcdefghijklmnoZewail, Ahmed.

    2. Ahmed zewail obama
    3. Writing about ahmed zewail family members
    4. Ahmed zewail story

      5. "Autobiography". Archived from the original on 8 October Retrieved 12 February

    5. ^ ab"Fellowship of the Royal Society –". London: Royal Society.
    6. ^"In Fond Remembrance of Egyptian-American Scientist Ahmed Zewail". U.S. Embassy in Egypt. 10 August Retrieved 3 June
    7. ^ abKhan, Amina ().

      "Nobel Prize-winning Caltech scientist Ahmed Zewail has died at 70". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved

    8. ^ abDouhal, Abderrazzak; Lahmani, Françoise; Zewail, Ahmed H. (). "Proton-transfer reaction dynamics". Chemical Physics. (2–3): – BibcodeCPD.

      doi/(96) ISSN&#;

    9. ^"بالفيديو والصور.. جثمان أحمد زويل يوارى الثرى بمدفن أسرته بمدينة 6 أكتوبر". اليوم السابع (in Arabic). Retrieved
    10. ^ abcWeil, Martin (3 August ). "Ahmad Zewail, Nobel laureate who sparked a 'revolution in chemistry,' dies at 70".

      The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 August

    11. ^Zewail, Ahmed (). Optical and magnetic resonance spectra of triplet excitons and localized states in molecular crystals (PhD thesis). University of Pennsylvania. OCLC&#;
    12. ^Zewail, Ahmed (). Voyage Through Time: Walks of Life to the Nobel Prize.

      World Scientific. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    13. ^Zewail, Ahmed. "A Message from the Director". Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, California Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on 10 August Retrieved 8 August
    14. ^"President Obama Announces Members of Science and Technology Advisory Council".

      The White House. 27 April Retrieved 6 September

    15. ^Pal, Samir Kumar; Zewail, Ahmed H. (). "Dynamics of Water in Biological Recognition". Chemical Reviews. (4): – doi/crl. ISSN&#; PMID&#; S2CID&#;
    16. ^Zewail, Ahmed H. (). "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond†".

      The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. (24): – BibcodeJPCAZ. doi/jph. ISSN&#;

    17. ^"Press Release: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry". 12 October Retrieved 12 February
    18. ^Browne, Malcolm W. (13 October ). "Nobels for Fast Camera and Tying 2 Forces of Nature". The New York Times.

      Associated Press/Reuters/Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 9 August

    19. ^Srinivasan, Ramesh; Lobastov, Vladimir A.; Ruan, Chong-Yu; Zewail, Ahmed H. (July 10, ). "Ultrafast Electron Diffraction (UED): A New Development for the 4D Determination of Transient Molecular Structures". Helvetica Chimica Acta.

      86 (6): – doi/hlca

    20. ^Thomas, John Meurig (). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February —2 August ". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 68: – doi/rsbm
    21. ^Pellerin, Cheryl (16 February ). "First U.S. Science Envoys Begin Work in Muslim-Majority Countries". Archived from the original on 26 February
    22. ^"Obituary: Envoy to science".

      Al-Ahram Weekly. 4 August Archived from the original on 19 September Retrieved 9 August

    23. ^Obituary: AHMED HASSAN ZEWAIL (–). Chemical Physics Letters.

      Writing about ahmed zewail family history Curriculum Vitae. He had taught me many practical things, including bike riding, which I enjoy to this day, but I don't know why I didn't ask him for driving lessons, perhaps because I didn't anticipate owning a car. Zewail integrates the two worlds he equally belongs to — Egypt and America — and, despite differences, he emphasizes the confluence of the two cultures — the East and the West. Afterwards, either we would go to my home or I would go to their homes, but in any case, we would study until dawn, and then we would go to pray.

      Retrieved 9 August

    24. ^"Egypt: Zewail returns, credible post-Mubarak figure". ANSAmed. 1 February Archived from the original on 4 October Retrieved 5 February
    25. ^Fahim, Kareem; Kirkpatrick, David D. (February 12, ). "Military Offers Assurances to Egypt and Neighbors". The New York Times.

      Retrieved 12 February

    26. ^Zewail, Ahmed H. (). "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers (Nobel Lecture)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 39 (15): – doi/()<AID-ANIE>CO;2-O. PMID&#;
    27. ^"Ahmed Zewail – Nobel Lecture: Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers".

      Retrieved 9 August

    28. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement". . American Academy of Achievement.
    29. ^"Prof. Ahmed Zewail". World Cultural Council. 28 October Retrieved 9 August
    30. ^"Othmer Gold Medal".

      Science History Institute. 31 May Retrieved 22 March

    31. ^"Chemical Heritage Foundation Presents Ahmed Zewail with Othmer Gold Medal". Chromatography Techniques. 27 January Retrieved 12 June
    32. ^"Zewail Wins Priestley Medal". Chemical & Engineering News. 21 June p.&#;5.
    33. ^"Royal Society announces Copley Medal recipient".

      The Royal Society. Retrieved 19 July

    34. ^"Ahmed H. Zewail". American Institute of Physics: Physics History Network. Retrieved August 3,
    35. ^"Ahmed H. Zewail". . Retrieved
    36. ^"Ahmed Hassan Zewail". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved
    37. ^"APS Member History".

      . Retrieved

    38. ^"Zewail Ahmed Hassan | The AAS". .

      Writing about ahmed zewail family tree Chapter 39 An Ultrafast Life in Femtoland. The aims and scope of this book is to provide both scientists and non-scientists descriptions of the experiences of scientists in the early or mature stages of their careers when interacting with one of the greatest scientists of the 20th century, from developing the field of femtochemistry to pioneering ultrafast electron diffraction and imaging technology. The mosque was like a glue to keep everyone working and living together in harmony. Sc Dantus Department of Chemistry discussion Dongping dye laser dynamics Egypt electron diffraction electron microscopy Email energy enjoyed excited experimental experiments femto femtochemistry Femtoland femtosecond femtosecond laser graduate student group members h.

      Retrieved

    39. ^"Funding and Awards: Ahmed Zewail Award in Ultrafast Science and Technology". American Chemical Society. Retrieved August 3,
    40. ^Thomas, John Meurig (6 November ). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February —2 August ". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.

      68: – doi/rsbm Retrieved 9 May

    41. ^"Nobel Laureate to Give Commencement Address". Southwestern University. 20 April Retrieved 6 September
    42. ^"Honorary Degrees". Wiley Online Library. Retrieved 6 September
    43. ^"Honorary Degrees ". University of Cambridge.

      3 July Retrieved 9 August

    44. ^"Zewail, Ahmed H (Ciencias Químicas), 12 de mayo de ". Complutense University of Madrid. Retrieved 9 August
    45. ^Kheetan, Thameen (26 February ). "Egyptian Nobel laureate calls for 'scientific renaissance' in Arab world". Jordan Times. Archived from the original on 13 July Retrieved 28 February
    46. ^"Guest lectures – archive: Professor Ahmed Zewail – 3rd October ".

      University of Glasgow. Retrieved 9 August

    47. ^"Yale awards 12 honorary degrees at graduation". YaleNews.

      Ahmed zewail obama: He was very sincere about his work and his family, and he made us all laugh and have fun until the last day I saw him, just before he passed away; at that time I was living in America and had come to see him by way of Europe. Contents 1 Biography 1. What is Perlego? In these two cities there are more than Zewails now occupying such notable positions as university professors, judges, CEOs of both small and large businesses, and the like.

      19 May Retrieved 6 September

    48. ^ abcEl Nadi, Lotfia, ed. (). The brilliant Zewail. World Scientific Publishing Company Pte. Limited. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
    49. ^Aspturian, Heidi. "Interview with Ahmed Zewail ( - )"(PDF).

      CalTech Oral Histories. California Institute of Technology.

      Writing about ahmed zewail family Another aspect I didn't like was the use of corporal punishment in primary schools. I remember once, the children did not like one of the Arabic teachers, so we all decided I don't remember how to do something to tease him. Some were trying to learn how to smoke a cigarette, but never in front of their parents. Chapter 13 Challenging Ahmeds Sense of Humour.

      Retrieved 23 August

    50. ^"Ahmed Zewail, – | Caltech". California Institute of Technology. 2 August Retrieved 2 August
    51. ^Thomas, John Meurig (). "Ahmed Hassan Zewail. 26 February —2 August ".

      Who is ahmed zewail Staff Interface ArchivesSpace. Ibrahim of Desuq. Such devotion from the age of 18 to 80 is surely heroic, especially by the standards of the modern world! My family supported this attitude and I do not recall incidents in which they imposed rigidity in thought or behavior.

      Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 68: – doi/rsbm S2CID&#;

    52. ^"Nobel Prize-winning Egyptian chemist Zewail dies". Reuters News Agency. 2 August Retrieved 9 August
    53. ^"Egyptian Chemist Zewail, Noble Prize-Winner, Dies at 70". The New York Times.

      Associated Press. 2 August Retrieved 9 August

    54. ^ abcd"Sisi heads mourners at military funeral for Egyptian Nobel Laureate Ahmed Zewail". Ahram Online. 7 August Retrieved 9 August
    55. ^"نبذة عن العالم المصري أحمد زويل".

      BBC News عربي (in Arabic). Retrieved

    External links